Amanita regalis
| Amanita regalis | |
|---|---|
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| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Amanitaceae |
| Genus: | Amanita |
| Species: | A. regalis |
| Binomial name | |
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Amanita regalis (Fr.) Michael (1904) |
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| Synonyms | |
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Amanita umbrina Pers. (1797) |
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| Amanita regalis | |
|---|---|
| Mycological characteristics | |
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gills on hymenium |
 
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cap is convex or flat |
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hymenium is free |
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stipe has a ring and volva |
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spore print is white |
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ecology is mycorrhizal |
 
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edibility: poisonous or psychoactive |
Amanita umbrina Pers. (1797)
Agaricus muscarius β regalis Fr. (1821)
Agaricus muscarius var. umbrinus (Pers.) Fr. (1838)
Amanita muscaria var. regalis (Fr.) Sacc. (1887)
Amanita emilii Riel (1907)
Amanitaria muscaria var. regalis (Fr.) E.-J.Gilbert (1941)
cap is convex
edibility: poisonous
Amanita regalis, commonly known as the royal fly agaric or the king of Sweden Amanita, is a species of fungus in the Amanitaceae family. Common in Scandinavian countries, it is also found in eastern and northern Europe. In North America, its distribution is restricted to Alaska. The fruit bodies of the fungus somewhat resemble the fly agaric (Amanita muscaria), and it was formerly regarded as a variety of this species. A. regalis differs from it in being larger, with a liver-brown cap bearing numerous scabs, and in having a stem which is yellow-ochre at the base, with patches or rings of patches. Chemical analysis has shown that this species contains muscimol, the same psychoactive compound found in A. muscaria.
Amanita regalis was first described as Agaricus muscarius β regalis by Elias Magnus Fries in his Systema Mycologicum, published in 1821. In 1887, Pier Andrea Saccardo treated it as a variety of Amanita muscaria.Edmund Michael, in 1903, became the first to consider it a distinct species. In 1941, Jean-Edouard Gilbert suggested a complete reorganization of the genus Amanita in his world monograph of the genus, and moved it to Amanitaria as A. muscaria var. regalis. In his original (1949) version of Agaricales in Modern Taxonomy, Rolf Singer considered it a subspecies of A. muscaria, but noted that it may be regarded as a separate species; in the fourth edition (1986), he listed it as a distinct species.A. regalis is classified in a section of Amanita within the genus, a grouping of related Amanitas that have a ring on the stem (or remnants thereof), and a bulb at the base of it. More recently, a Japanese group studied the biogeography of A. muscaria and related species, and, using molecular phylogenetic analysis, concluded that the taxon should be considered a grouping of A. muscaria, rather than a distinct species. However, as of 2012, both Index Fungorum and MycoBank list the taxon as Amanita regalis.
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