Alveolar tap
| Voiced alveolar flap | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ɾ | |||
| IPA number | 124 | ||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) | ɾ |
||
| Unicode (hex) | U+027E | ||
| X-SAMPA | 4 |
||
| Kirshenbaum | * |
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| Braille |
 
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| Sound | |||
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| Postalveolar flap | |
|---|---|
| ɾ̠ | |
| Encoding | |
| Unicode (hex) | U+027E U+0320 |
| Voiced alveolar tapped fricative | |
|---|---|
| ɾ̞ | |
| IPA number | 124 430 |
| Alveolar nasal flap | |
|---|---|
| ɾ̃ | |
| n̆ | |
| IPA number | 124 424 |
| Encoding | |
| X-SAMPA | 4~ |
The alveolar tap or flap is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents dental, alveolar, and postalveolar flaps is [ɾ].
The terms tap and flap may be used interchangeably. Peter Ladefoged proposed for a while that it may be useful to distinguish between them; however, his usage has been inconsistent, contradicting itself even between different editions of the same text. The last proposed distinction was that a tap strikes its point of contact directly, as a very brief stop, whereas a flap strikes the point of contact tangentially: "Flaps are most typically made by retracting the tongue tip behind the alveolar ridge and moving it forward so that it strikes the ridge in passing." However, later on, he no longer felt this was a useful distinction to make, and preferred to use the word flap in all cases.
For linguists who do make the distinction, the coronal tap is transcribed as a fish-hook "r", [ɾ], while the flap is transcribed as a small capital "d", [ᴅ], which is not recognized by the IPA. Otherwise, alveolars and dentals are typically called taps, and other articulations flaps. No language contrasts a tap and a flap at the same place of articulation.
This sound is often analyzed (and therefore transcribed) by native English speakers as an 'R-sound' in many foreign languages. In languages where this segment is present but not phonemic, it is often an allophone of either an alveolar stop ([t], [d] or both) or a rhotic consonant like the alveolar trill or alveolar approximant.
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