Alta Telegraph Company

The Alta California Telegraph Company (also referred to simply as the Alta Telegraph Company) was a telegraph company which operated in the mid-19th century within the state of California prior to the construction of the Transcontinental Telegraph. It was organized in 1853, and incorporated in January 1854 and began constructing its first line that same year, stretching from Sacramento to Marysville and extending up into the foothills of the adjacent Sierra Nevada mountains. In subsequent years, a line was constructed between Sacramento and Benicia. From Benicia, a branch line was extended to Vallejo and the US Navy yard at Mare Island.

The principal offices of the company were located in San Francisco (153 Montgomery Street at Merchant St.), and Sacramento in the historic Hastings Building on Second Street.

In April 1859, a cable was run across the Carquinez Strait between Benicia and Martinez, and a connecting line constructed from Martinez to Oakland over the Berkeley Hills (then called the Contra Costa Range). It was this line which gave rise to the name "Telegraph Road" for the thoroughfare which the line followed down the western slope of the hills, which later became Telegraph Avenue in Oakland and Berkeley.

From Oakland, the Alta Telegraph Company laid a cable under San Francisco Bay to San Francisco, but the cable failed to work. An alternate route was then used, extending around the southern end of the bay via San Jose. This route, however, was already used by the competing California State Telegraph Company under a special act of the State of California. The California State Telegraph Company successfully sued the Alta Telegraph Company for infringing on what they considered a monopoly grant. The suit was upheld by the California Supreme Court.

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