Alexandru Moghioroș

Alexandru Moghioroș (Hungarian: Mogyorós Sándor; 1911–1969) was a Romanian communist activist and politician.

Moghioroș was born into an ethnic Hungarian family. A worker who joined the Romanian Communist Party (PCR; later PMR) when it was banned, he was tried by the authorities of the Kingdom of Romania at Craiova alongside Ana Pauker and spent time in prison at Jilava, Doftana and Caransebeș. While in prison, he grew close to future leader Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, becoming part of a nucleus that would later be at the party's forefront. When Gheorghiu-Dej began, by 1950, to move to consolidate his undisputed leadership of the party, he named the trusted Moghioroș to stand guard over and watch for chauvinism in the activities of Vasile Luca, another high-ranking ethnic Hungarian targeted for purging. He sat on the party's central committee (1945–1968), its political bureau (1948–1965) and its political executive committee or CPEx (1965–1968). He was deputy prime minister during 1954 and from 1957 to 1965. As the central committee's secretary for organizational matters during the 1950s, he was one of the architects of the Pauker-Vasile Luca group's fall in May–June 1952. He was the de facto overseer of cadre policy and was involved in the collectivization process.

In mid-1950, Moghioroș replaced Pauker to become party supervisor of the Agriculture Ministry's agrarian section. A year earlier, at a politburo discussion, he was the only member who did not grant even token acknowledgment to the idea that collectivization should happen gradually or cautiously, condemning the "opportunist-conciliatory line" as "non-Leninist, because we can't build socialism without collective farms". Once in charge, he sharply criticized Pauker's more lenient approach, holding nightly meetings with officials to decide on new collective farms and ordering a scaled-down plan for the spring be accelerated during the summer of 1950. Around 1957, Moghioroș decided that Romania did not have more cattle because the best hay was fed to horses. Consequently, he ordered a horse slaughter that claimed some 800,000 animals, which had disastrous consequences in agriculture. At the time, horses were still the predominant means of rural transport, and tractors could not be used on farms with clay soil because they became stuck. In addition, by closing the stables at Mangalia, Făgăraș, Bonțida and Rușețu, he sharply reduced the country's variety of horse breeds.

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