Albert the Bear
| Albert the Bear | |
|---|---|
|
|
| Count of Anhalt | |
| Reign | 9 February 1123 – 18 November 1170 |
| Predecessor | Otto the Rich |
| Successor | Bernhard |
| Duke of Saxony | |
| Reign | 1138–1142 |
| Predecessor | Henry II |
| Successor | Henry the Lion |
| Margrave of Brandenburg | |
| Reign | 1157–1170 |
| Predecessor | none |
| Successor | Otto I |
| Born | c. 1100 |
| Died | 18 November 1170 (aged 70) possibly Stendal |
| Burial | Ballenstedt |
| Spouse | Sophie of Winzenburg |
| Issue |
Otto I, Margrave of Brandenburg Hermann I, Count of Orlamünde Siegfried, Prince-Archbishop of Bremen Heinrich Albert Dietrich Bernhard, Count of Anhalt Hedwig, Margravine of Meissen daughter Adelheid Gertrude, Duchess of Moravia Sybille, Abbess of Quedlinburg Eilika |
| House | House of Ascania |
| Father | Otto, Count of Ballenstedt |
| Mother | Eilika of Saxony |
Albert the Bear (German: Albrecht der Bär; c. 1100 – 18 November 1170) was the first Margrave of Brandenburg (as Albert I) from 1157 to his death and was briefly Duke of Saxony between 1138 and 1142.
Albert was the only son of Otto, Count of Ballenstedt, and Eilika, daughter of Magnus Billung, Duke of Saxony. He inherited the valuable estates in northern Saxony of his father in 1123, and on his mother's death, in 1142, succeeded to one-half of the lands of the house of Billung. Albert was a loyal vassal of his relation, Lothar I, Duke of Saxony, from whom, about 1123, he received the Margraviate of Lusatia, to the east; after Lothar became King of the Germans, he accompanied him on a disastrous expedition to Bohemia in 1126, when he suffered a short imprisonment.
Albert's entanglements in Saxony stemmed from his desire to expand his inherited estates there. After the death of his brother-in-law, Henry II, margrave of a small area on the Elbe called the Saxon Northern March, in 1128, Albert, disappointed at not receiving this fief himself, attacked Udo, the heir, and was consequently deprived of Lusatia by Lothar. In spite of this, he went to Italy in 1132 in the train of the king, and his services there were rewarded in 1134 by the investiture of the Northern March, which was again without a ruler.
Once he was firmly established in the Northern March, Albert's covetous eye lay also on the thinly populated lands to the north and east. For three years he was occupied in campaigns against the Slavic Wends, who as pagans were considered fair game, and whose subjugation to Christianity was the aim of the Wendish Crusade of 1147 in which Albert took part. Diplomatic measures were more successful, and by an arrangement made with the last of the Wendish princes of Brandenburg, Pribislav of the Hevelli, Albert secured this district when the prince died in 1150. Taking the title "Margrave of Brandenburg", he pressed the "crusade" against the Wends, extended the area of his mark, encouraged German migration, established bishoprics under his protection, and so became the founder of the Margraviate of Brandenburg in 1157, which his heirs — the House of Ascania — held until the line died out in 1320.
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