Al-Abbas ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun

Al-ʿAbbās ibn Aḥmad ibn Ṭūlūn was the eldest son of the founder of the Tulunid dynasty, Ahmad ibn Tulun, and heir-apparent until his failed attempt to usurp his father in 879. After a failed attempt to take over Ifriqiya, he was imprisoned in Egypt and executed shortly after the succession of his brother, Khumarawayh, in May 884.

Abbas was the eldest son of Ahmad ibn Tulun, the son of a Turkish slave who had ruled Egypt since 868. By exploiting the dissensions in the Abbasid Caliphate between Caliph al-Mu'tamid and his brother al-Muwaffaq, Ibn Tulun soon managed to establish his autonomy from the Abbasid government, and proceeded to expand his control over Syria as well. Preoccupied with the conquest of Syria, Ibn Tulun appointed Abbas as his deputy in Egypt. Within a short time, however, his entourage persuaded him to try and seize power for himself. Forewarned by the vizier al-Wasiti, Ibn Tulun returned from Syria in April 879 and thwarted his son's ambitions. Taking the treasury with him, Abbas and his supporters—as well as an armed force numbering some 800 cavalry and 10,000 black African infantry—fled first to Alexandria and then to Barqa. Ibn Tulun tried to persuade him to return and even offered him a pardon, but Abbas refused.

Instead, he resolved to take over Ifriqiya by invading it with his army, augmented by local contingents on the way, and deposing the local Aghlabid dynasty. To legitimize his move, Abbas claimed that he had received nomination as Ifriqiya's governor by al-Mu'tamid, but the Aghlabid emir Ibrahim II responded by sending a cavalry force to meet him. Abbas defeated the local Aghlabid governor, Muhammad ibn Qurhub, sacked the town of Labda, and marched on Tripoli. The Ibadite leader and governor of Tripoli and Jabal Nafusa, Ilyas ibn Mansur al-Nafusi, mobilized resistance to the invader. His 12,000–strong army defeated Abbas in winter 880/1.

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