Adolfo Ruiz Cortines
| Adolfo Ruiz Cortines | |
|---|---|
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 47th President of Mexico |
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In office December 1, 1952 – November 30, 1958 |
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| Preceded by | Miguel Alemán Valdés |
| Succeeded by | Adolfo López Mateos |
| Governor of Veracruz | |
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In office December 1, 1944 – April 1948 |
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| Preceded by | Jorge Cerdán Lara |
| Succeeded by | Ángel Carvajal Bernal |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
Adolfo Tomás Ruiz Cortines December 30, 1890 Veracruz, Veracruz |
| Died | December 3, 1973 (aged 82) Mexico City, Mexico |
| Nationality | Mexican |
| Political party | Institutional Revolutionary Party |
| Spouse(s) | María Dolores Izaguirre (1891-1979) |
| He was the first Governor of Veracruz to serve a 6-year long term. | |
Adolfo Tomás Ruiz Cortines (Spanish pronunciation: [aˈðolfo ˈrwis korˈtines]; December 30, 1890 – December 3, 1973) was President of Mexico from 1952 to 1958, representing the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). He was one of the oldest presidents of Mexico, perhaps best remembered for granting women the right to vote in presidential elections and stimulating the Mexican economy.
Adolfo Ruiz Cortines was born on December 30, 1890 in the state of Veracruz. His parents were Adolfo Ruiz Tejada (1859–1890), the governor of Veracruz at that time, and María Cortines Cotera (1859–1932). Ruiz's father, Adolfo Ruiz Tejada, died when he was young. Then Adolfo was raised and educated by his mother.
His mother taught him to write and to read at the age of 3. Later, he entered a school directed by Joaquín Jerónimo Díaz and Florencio Veyro. At the age of twelve, he attended the Instituto de Veracruz, where he studied accounting. Adolfo Ruiz Cortines pursued his secondary educational studies at the Colegio de los Jesuitas, which was considered the best school in the state of Veracruz. Adolfo learned from his mentors about liberalism, a political principle he would apply during his entire political career. In addition, he acquired his fanatical interest in baseball there. He always wanted to study at university, but circumstances never permitted him to do so. At the age of 16, he was forced to abandon his formal studies. Finding himself the head of his family, he found a job as an accounting assistant at a commercial clothing enterprise to support his relatives.
In 1909, Ruiz read the book La sucesión presidencial de 1910 (The Presidential Succession of 1910) published that year by Francisco I. Madero, the leader of the opposition against the presidency of General Díaz. This book motivated Ruiz's interest in politics. In 1910, the Mexican Revolution started and he became influenced by several of its main players such as Pascual Orozco and Francisco Villa. Because of this influence, in 1912 at the age of 23, he migrated to Mexico City. During his stay in Mexico City, President Madero was assassinated and Victoriano Huerta took power. Since Ruiz was against the Huerta government, he joined revolutionary forces under the command of Alfredo Robles, the right hand of the revolutionary leader Venustiano Carranza. Robles was in charge of the revolutionary forces in the south and center of Mexico.
In 1935 at 45 years of age, Ruiz started his political career as the director in charge of Mexico City. It was during that time that he met Miguel Alemán Valdés, a young lawyer who would later become president of Mexico. Five years later, the president Manuel Ávila Camacho designated Miguel Alemán as "Minister of Government" (Secretario de Gobernación), an important position. Miguel Alemán asked Ruiz to join him as his sub-secretary because of their close relation. This position gave Ruiz the opportunity to obtain influence within the Institutional Revolutionary Party or PRI, the main political party at that time. After several years, the PRI designated him as candidate for governor of Veracruz.
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