Adolf von Koenen (21 March 1837, Potsdam – 5 May 1915, Göttingen) was a German geologist best remembered for his paleontological research of northern Germany.
He received his education in Berlin, and following study trips through Belgium, England and France, he obtained his habilitation at the University of Marburg in 1867. In 1878 he became a full professor at Marburg, then relocated to the University of Göttingen in 1881 as a professor of geology. At Göttingen one of his better known students was mineralogist Friedrich Rinne.
His name is associated with koenenite, a mineral that he discovered, and Ctenosauriscus koeneni, a sail-backed reptile from the Early Triassic.