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Actions in Inner Mongolia (1933–36)

Inner Mongolia (1933-36)
Part of Second Sino-Japanese War
Date April 1933–December 1936
Location Chahar and Suiyuan provinces
Result 1933 Japanese victory
1936 Chinese victory
Belligerents
 Empire of Japan
 Manchukuo
Chinese collaborators
Mongol Military Government (1936)
Taiwan Republic of China
Commanders and leaders
Manchukuo Liu Guitang (1933)
De Wang (1936)
Wang Ying (1936)
Taiwan Feng Yuxiang (1933)
Taiwan Fang Zhenwu (1933)
Taiwan Shang Zhen (1933)
Taiwan Liu Guitang (1933)
Taiwan Fu Zuoyi (1936)
Units involved
Strength

1933
2,000 Japanese and 6,000 collaborators


1936
10,000 Inner Mongolians
6,000 Chinese
30 Japanese advisers

1933:
~100,000 troops


1936:
~45,000
Casualties and losses
? ?

1933
2,000 Japanese and 6,000 collaborators

1933:
~100,000 troops

The campaigns in Inner Mongolia in the period from 1933 to 1936 were part of the ongoing invasion of northern China by the Empire of Japan prior to the official start of hostilities in the Second Sino-Japanese War. In 1931, the invasion of Manchuria secured the creation of the puppet state of Manchukuo and in 1933, Operation Nekka detached the province of Jehol from the Republic of China. Blocked from further advance south by the Tanggu Truce, the Imperial Japanese Army turned its attention west, towards the Inner Mongolian provinces of Chahar and Suiyuan, with the goal of establishing a northern China buffer state. In order to avoid overt violation of the Truce, the Japanese government used proxy armies in these campaigns while Chinese resistance was at first only provided by Anti-Japanese resistance movement forces in Chahar. The former included in the Inner Mongolian Army, the Manchukuo Imperial Army, and the Grand Han Righteous Army. Chinese government forces were overtly hostile to the anti-Japanese resistance and resisted Japanese aggression only in Suiyuan in 1936.

In February 1933, following the successful Japanese invasion of Jehol, the Kwantung Army left a small Japanese detachment and the much larger Manchukuo Imperial Army to watch the eastern Jehol border, while the balance of the Japanese forces moved south to engage the Chinese on the Great Wall. In April 1933, collaborationist General Liu Guitang, under Japanese orders, crossed into southeastern Chahar province in the Dolonor region, as a diversionary feint to draw off Chinese reinforcements to the Great Wall. Finding little resistance, Liu then led his 3,000 troops further east toward Changpei. Although reported at the time as a Japanese operation, Liu's further advance may have been carried out without Japan's explicit approval.


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