Acacia (Vachellia)
| Acacia | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| A. farnesia, foliage and flower head | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Subfamily: | Mimosoideae |
| Tribe: | Acacieae |
| Genus: |
Acacia Miller, 1754 |
| Type species | |
|
Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile, typified by Britton & Brown (1913:735) |
|
| Species | |
|
147; see text. |
|
 |
|
| Synonyms | |
|
|
147; see text.
Acacia (/əˈkeɪʃə/ or /əˈkeɪsiə/) is a monophyletic genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae, commonly known as thorn trees or shittah trees. The genus name is derived via Latin from ancient Greek ακακία (akakia). It was the name used by Theophrastus and Dioscorides to denote thorn trees, the word root being ἀκίς (akis) or ἀκή (akḗ), meaning "thorn" and "point" respectively. Before discovery of the New World, Europeans in the Mediterranean region were familiar with several species of Acacia, which they knew as sources of medicine, and had names for them that they inherited from the Greeks and Romans. This genus is now known as Vachellia.
The wide-ranging genus occurs in a variety of open, tropical to subtropical habitats, and is locally dominant. In parts of Africa, Acacias are shaped progressively by grazing animals of increasing size and height, such as gazelle, gerenuk and giraffe. The genus in Africa has thus developed thorns in defence against such herbivory.
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