Abu 'Amr ibn al-'Ala'

Abu ʻAmr ibn al-ʻAlāʼ al-Basri (Arabic: أبو عمرو بن العلاء‎‎; died 770 CE/154 AH) was the Qur'an reciter of Basra, Iraq and an Arab linguist. He was born in Mecca in 689/690CE (70AH). Descended from a branch of the tribe of Banu Tamim, Ibn al-ʻAlāʼ is one of the seven primary transmitters of the chain of narration for the Qur'an. He is also considered the founder of the Basran school of Arabic grammar. He was as well known as a grammarian as he was a reader, though his reading style was influenced by those of Nafi‘ al-Madani and Ibn Kathir al-Makki. In between his study of Qur'an reading in his hometown of Mecca and in Basra, he also traveled to learn more about the practice in Kufa and Medina.

He was a student of Ibn Abi Ishaq and a teacher of Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi,Yunus ibn Habib,Al-Asma'i and Harun ibn Musa. According to Asma'i, he once asked his teacher one-thousand grammatical questions, and Ibn al-ʻAlāʼ answered every one of them with examples. Ibn al-ʻAlāʼ's other student, Abu ʿUbaidah, claimed that he was the most learned of all men in philology, grammar, Arabic poetry and the Qur'an. Although he never met Sibawayhi, the ethnic Persian considered the father of Arabic grammar, Sibawayhi quotes from Abu Amr 57 times in his infamous Kitab, mostly by transmission from Ibn Habib and al-Farahidi.

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