Abel and Mary Nicholson House
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Abel and Mary Nicholson House
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_House,_Elsinboro_(Salem_County,_New_Jersey).jpg)
The Able House, c.1936
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 Abel House
Abel House
Abel House
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| Nearest city | Elsinboro Township |
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| Coordinates | 39°31′10″N 75°29′11″W / 39.51944°N 75.48639°WCoordinates: 39°31′10″N 75°29′11″W / 39.51944°N 75.48639°W |
| Built | 1722 |
| Built by | William Petty John Mason |
| Architectural style | Georgian |
| NRHP Reference # | 96001548 |
| NJRHP # | 3437 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | January 16, 1997 |
| Designated NHL | February 16, 2000 |
| Designated NJRHP | April 10, 1996 |
The Abel and Mary Nicholson House is brick house built in 1722 in Salem, New Jersey, United States. It is an excellent example of a Delaware Valley patterned brick building. The vitrified bricks form geometric designs and highlight the year of construction. The building has not been significantly altered since it was built and has been receiving grants to help preserve it.
Built by Abel Nicholson, a prosperous farmer, whose father had been among the earliest Quaker settlers along Lower Alloways Creek in the late 17th century. When completed, it was at a scale and with a level of detail that made it a mansion in relation to other dwellings of the period in the area. It's believed that the new home was built to replace a smaller wood framed home built just after his father arrived in the later 1690s or early 1700s near the Alloway Creek, a tributary of the Delaware River.
The original building is a three bay, two-and-a-half story brick house, positioned on a high brick foundation with a gable roof, pierced by a brick chimney at both the east and west ends. Three walls of the structure are decorated above the basement level with a checkerboard pattern using vitrified brick, laid in Flemish bond. The fourth, east wall, displays English bond and the date 1722 in the gable. The 1722 date, centered in the gable above the diamond pattern, is made of vitrified headers and is seven courses high. Originally, the east wall was penetrated by two small windows on the southern side of the elevation, now closed up with brick, one on the second floor and one at the attic level.
The house remained in the family after Abel died 1752 when the house and property was inherited by his son, John, where it is believed it remained until 1852. At that time the farm was inherited by William Nelson from his father Davis Nelson. It is William who is believed to have constructed the brick addition and placed the date stone marked "1859" in the west end gable. The 1859 addition was two floors and included two bedroom on the second floor and an enlarged kitchen, a large bricked fireplace and a storage cellar.
A recent study of the house revealed clues about the original one-story structure that previously abutted, and may have pre-dated the 1722 dwelling, gave rise to speculation that the house was a three room plan on the ground floor at the time of construction giving implications that the hall, with its elaborate fireplace surround, and other attributes took on a more social or ceremonial function. Also found in the parlor is a writing closet, the strong evidence for which (a desk-like surface, bookshelves, windows to admit light, and ventilation grill) has been found in only two other examples in the Delaware Valley. Graeme Park near Horsham, PA, and the Pusey House near Avondale, PA, whose evidence is not as clearly defined as in the Nicholson example.
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