ABC Dry Chemical

Monoammonium phosphate, ABC Dry Chemical, ABE Powder, tri-class, or multi-purpose dry chemical is a dry chemical extinguishing agent used on class A, class B, and class C fires. It uses a specially fluidized and siliconized monoammonium phosphate powder. ABC dry chemical is usually a mix of monoammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfate, the former being the active one. The mix between the two agents is usually 40–60%, 60-40%, or 90-10% depending on local standards worldwide. The USGS uses a similar mixture, called Phos Chek G75F.

It insulates Class A fires by melting at approximately 350–400 degrees F. Class "A" fires are caused by the burning of common combustible materials, such as wood, paper, or most plastics.

The powder breaks the chain reaction of liquid and gas fires by coating the surface to which it is applied. These fires (Class B in the American system; Classes B and C in the European and Australian systems) include the burning of gasoline, oil, propane, and natural gas.

It is safe and effective for electrical fires since it is a non-conductor of electricity. Fires involving live electrical equipment (Class C in the American system; Class E in the Australian system) need to be put out with equipment that will not conduct its energy back to the user as is the case with water. Electricity can also cause fires of the other classes.

ABC dry chemical is inappropriate for chlorine or oxidizer fires. The resulting chemical reaction can cause an explosion or a breakdown of the chemicals releasing toxic gases. Water should be used in that case.

ABC dry chemical is inappropriate for certain metal fires (Class-D) as well as cooking oil fires (Class-K).

Due to the corrosive properties of ABC Dry chemical, it is not recommended for use around aircraft or sensitive equipment.

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