9M14 Malyutka

9M14 Malyutka AT-3 Sagger
Improved Serbian-produced 9M142T missile
Type	Anti-tank missile
Place of origin	Soviet Union
Service history
In service	1963 – present
Used by	Soviet Union and others
Wars	Vietnam War Yom Kippur War Western Sahara War Lebanese Civil War Iran–Iraq War Gulf War Croatian War of Independence 2006 Lebanon War First Chechen War Second Chechen War (by Chechen militants) Syrian Civil War Iraq War (2014–present)
Production history
Designer	Design Bureau of Machine-Building (KBM, Kolomna)
Designed	1961-1962
Produced	1963
Variants	9M14M, 9M14P1, Malyutka-2, Malyutka-2F
Specifications
Weight	10.9 kg (9M14M) 11.4 kg (9M14P1) 12.5 kg (Malyutka-2) ~12 kg (Malyutka-2F)
Length	860 mm 1,005 mm combat ready (Malyutka-2)
Width	393 mm (wingspan)
Diameter	125 mm
Effective firing range	500–3,000 m
Warhead weight	2.6 kg (9M14M, 9M14P1) 3.5 kg (Malyutka-2, Malyutka-2F)
Speed	115 m/s (410 km/h) (9M14M, 9M14P1) 130 m/s (470 km/h) (Malyutka-2, Malyutka-2F)
Guidance system	MCLOS, SACLOS (Later variants)

The 9M14 Malyutka (Russian: Малютка; "Little one", NATO reporting name: AT-3 Sagger) is a manual command to line of sight (MCLOS) wire-guided anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) system developed in the Soviet Union. It was the first man-portable anti-tank guided missile of the Soviet Union and is probably the most widely produced ATGM of all time—with Soviet production peaking at 25,000 missiles a year during the 1960s and 1970s. In addition, copies of the missile have been manufactured under various names by at least five countries.

Development began in July 1961 with the government assigning the project to two design teams: Tula and Kolomna. The requirements were:

The designs were based on the western ATGMs of the 1950s, such as the French ENTAC and the Swiss Cobra. In the end, the prototype developed by the Kolomna Machine Design Bureau, who were also responsible for the AT-1 Snapper, was chosen. Initial tests were completed by 20 December 1962, and the missile was accepted for service on 16 September 1963.

The missile can be fired from a portable suitcase launcher (9P111), ground vehicles (BMP-1, BRDM-2) and helicopters (Mi-2, Mi-8, Mi-24, Soko Gazelle). The missile takes about five minutes to deploy from its 9P111 fibreglass suitcase, which also serves as the launching platform.

The missile is guided to the target by means of a small joystick (9S415), which requires intensive training of the operator. The operator's adjustments are transmitted to the missile via a thin three-strand wire that trails behind the missile. The missile climbs into the air immediately after launch, which prevents it from hitting obstacles or the ground. In flight, the missile spins at 8.5 revolutions per second—it is initially spun by its booster, and the spin is maintained by the slight angle of the wings. The missile uses a small gyroscope to orient itself relative to the ground; as a result, the missile can take some time to bring back in line with the target, which gives it a minimum range of between 500 and 800 m. For targets under 1,000 m, the operator can guide the missile by eye; for targets beyond this range the operator uses the 8x power, 22.5 degree field of view 9Sh16 periscope sight.