The 2016–17 Spartak Moscow season was the twenty-sixth successive season that the club played in the Russian Premier League, the highest tier of association football in Russia. Domestically Spartak Moscow were defending Premier League Champions, failing to defend their title and eventually finishing third, winning the Russian Super Cup and reached the Semi-final of the Russian Cup where they were defeated by eventual winners FC Tosno. In Europe Spartak Moscow finished third in their UEFA Champions League group behind Liverpool and Sevilla, transferring to the UEFA Europa League where knocked out at the Round of 32 stage by Athletic Bilbao.

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

In: Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

Out: Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

In: Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

Out: Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.