2009 FD
Arecibo Observatory radar images of near-Earth asteroid 2009 FD
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| Discovery | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Discovered by | Spacewatch (691) | ||||||||
| Discovery date | 24 February 2009 | ||||||||
| Designations | |||||||||
| MPC designation | (410777) 2009 FD | ||||||||
| Apollo NEO | |||||||||
| Orbital characteristics | |||||||||
| Epoch 26 March 2013 (JD 2456377.5) | |||||||||
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |||||||||
| Observation arc | 2471 days (6.77 yr) | ||||||||
| Aphelion | 1.7359 AU (259.69 Gm) | ||||||||
| Perihelion | 0.58960 AU (88.203 Gm) | ||||||||
| 1.1627 AU (173.94 Gm) | |||||||||
| Eccentricity | 0.49293 | ||||||||
| 1.25 yr (457.96 d) | |||||||||
| 20.774° | |||||||||
| 0° 47m 9.96s / day | |||||||||
| Inclination | 3.1372° | ||||||||
| 9.5574° | |||||||||
| 281.22° | |||||||||
| Earth MOID | 0.00248182 AU (371,275 km) | ||||||||
| Jupiter MOID | 3.45524 AU (516.897 Gm) | ||||||||
| Jupiter Tisserand parameter | 5.296 | ||||||||
| Proper orbital elements | |||||||||
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Proper eccentricity
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0.49345 | ||||||||
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Proper inclination
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2.583° | ||||||||
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Proper mean motion
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286.77 deg / yr | ||||||||
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Proper orbital period
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1.25536 yr (458.521 d) |
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| Physical characteristics | |||||||||
| Dimensions | 472 m (1,550 ft) Primary: 120–180 m Secondary: 60–120 m |
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Mean radius
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0.236 km | ||||||||
| Mass | 8.3×1010 kg (assumed) | ||||||||
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Mean density
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1.89 g/cm³ | ||||||||
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Equatorial surface gravity
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0.2489 mm/s² | ||||||||
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Equatorial escape velocity
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0.4846 m/s | ||||||||
| 4.0 h (0.17 d) | |||||||||
| 0.01 | |||||||||
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| C | |||||||||
| 22.1 | |||||||||
(410777) 2009 FD (also written as 2009 FD) is a binaryApollo asteroid (a class of near-Earth asteroid) with an orbit that places it at risk of a possible future collision with Earth in 2185. It has the third highest impact threat of all known asteroids on the Palermo Technical Impact Hazard Scale based on its estimated diameter of 470 meters, kinetic yield, impact probability, and time interval.
(410777) 2009 FD was initially announced as discovered on 16 March 2009 by La Sagra Sky Survey. Because there were previous observations found in images taken by the Spacewatch survey some 3 weeks prior, on 24 February 2009, the Minor Planet Center assigned the discovery credit to Spacewatch under the discovery assignment rules. (410777) 2009 FD made a close pass to Earth on 27 March 2009 at a distance of 0.004172 AU (624,100 km; 387,800 mi) and another on 24 October 2010 at 0.0702 AU. (410777) 2009 FD was recovered at apparent magnitude 23 on 30 November 2013 by Cerro Paranal Observatory, several months before the close approach of April 2014 when it passed 0.1 AU from Earth. It brightened to roughly apparent magnitude 19.3 around mid-March 2014. One radar Doppler observation of (410777) 2009 FD was made in 2014. The October–November 2015 Earth approach will be studied by the Goldstone Deep Space Network.
NASA's Near Earth Program originally estimated its size to be 130 metres in diameter based on an assumed albedo of 0.15. This gave it an estimated mass of around 2,800,000 tonnes. But work by Amy Mainzer using NEOWISE data in 2014 showed that it could be as large as 472 metres with an albedo as low as 0.01. Because (410777) 2009 FD (K09F00D) was only detected in two (W1+W2) of the four wavelengths the suspected NEOWISE diameter is more of an upper limit. Radar observations in 2015 showed it to be a binary asteroid. The primary is 120–180 meters in diameter and the secondary is 60–120 meters in diameter.
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