1990 Temple Mount riots

The 1990 Temple Mount riots, or the Al Aqsa Massacre, also known as Black Monday, was an event that took place in Al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem at 10:30 am on Monday, 8 October 1990 before Zuhr prayer during the third year of the First Intifada. They began after a decision by the Temple Mount Faithful to lay a cornerstone at the site, and Arab rioting against Jewish worshippers. The riots resulted in the death of over twenty Palestinians, with more than 150 people injured, including Palestinian civilians and worshippers. It was condemned by UN Security Council resolutions 672 and 673.

Tensions around the Temple Mount began much earlier than the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. It has great religious significance for both Judaism and Islam. In Judaism, the Temple Mount is the site of the first and second temples, the first built by King Solomon, and the second by Jews returning from Babylonian exile, both extensively written of in the Old Testament. The Qur'an does not mention either the Temple Mount or Jerusalem by name, but it is believed they are the enigmatic "al-Quds" mentioned as the place where Mohammed is believed to have stopped over on one of his flights to Makkah, the Muslim holy site towards which all devout Muslims pray.

For almost two thousand years, Jews have yearned to return to the Temple Mount, though their ancient temples were destroyed and they were exiled from the area. Today, the Temple Mount remains the holiest site in Judaism, and all over the world Jews always pray towards the Temple Mount. After the Islamic conquest of Jerusalem, a mosque was built on the Mount, roughly on the site where the courtyards of the Temples once stood. In Islam, the "Noble Sanctuary" as it is called, too has religious importance and is considered a symbol for Muslims all around the world, where it was the first kiblah for Muslims before Makkah and the presence of the "Dome of the Rock" there which Prophet Muhammad's Isra and Mi'raj took place.

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