1965 Voting Rights Act

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Long title	An act to enforce the fifteenth amendment of the Constitution of the United States, and for other purposes.
Acronyms (colloquial)	VRA
Nicknames	Voting Rights
Enacted by	the 89th United States Congress
Effective	August 6, 1965
Citations
Public law	89-110
Statutes at Large	79 Stat. 437
Codification
Titles amended	52—Voting and Elections
U.S.C. sections created	52 U.S.C. § 10101 52 U.S.C. §§ 10301–10314 52 U.S.C. §§ 10501–10508 52 U.S.C. §§ 10701–10702
Legislative history
Introduced in the Senate as S. 1564 by Mike Mansfield (D–MT) and Everett Dirksen (R–IL) on March 17, 1965 Committee consideration by Judiciary Passed the Senate on May 26, 1965 (77-19) Passed the House with amendment on July 9, 1965 (333–85) Reported by the joint conference committee on July 29, 1965; agreed to by the House on August 3, 1965 (328–74) and by the Senate on August 4, 1965 (79–18) Signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on August 6, 1965
Major amendments
Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1970 Voting Rights Act of 1965, Amendments of 1975 Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1982 Voting Rights Language Assistance Act of 1992 Fannie Lou Hamer, Rosa Parks, Coretta Scott King, César E. Chávez, Barbara C. Jordan, William C. Velásquez, and Dr. Hector P. Garcia Voting Rights Act Reauthorization and Amendments Act of 2006
United States Supreme Court cases
South Carolina v. Katzenbach (1966) Katzenbach v. Morgan (1966) Allen v. State Board of Elections (1969) Oregon v. Mitchell (1970) Beer v. United States (1976) City of Rome v. United States (1980) City of Mobile v. Bolden (1980) Thornburg v. Gingles (1986) Growe v. Emison (1993) Voinovich v. Quilter (1993) Shaw v. Reno (1993) Holder v. Hall (1994) Johnson v. De Grandy (1994) Miller v. Johnson (1995) Bush v. Vera (1996) Lopez v. Monterey County (1999) Reno v. Bossier Parish School Board (2000) Georgia v. Ashcroft (2003) League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry (2006) Bartlett v. Strickland (2009) Northwest Austin Municipal Utility District No. 1 v. Holder (2009) Shelby County v. Holder (2013)

52 U.S.C. § 10101
52 U.S.C. §§ 10301–10314
52 U.S.C. §§ 10501–10508

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting. It was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson during the height of the Civil Rights Movement on August 6, 1965, and Congress later amended the Act five times to expand its protections. Designed to enforce the voting rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, the Act secured voting rights for racial minorities throughout the country, especially in the South. According to the U.S. Department of Justice, the Act is considered to be the most effective piece of civil rights legislation ever enacted in the country.

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