1900s in Angola
In the 1900s in Angola the colonial economy expanded despite domestic unrest.
In 1900, António de Sousa Lara, the company "Ferreira Marques & Fonseca" of João Ferreira Gonçalves - a noted capitalist, and financier, Commander of the Order of Christ, owner of Horta-Seca Palace in Lisbon - and the Bensaúde firm created the Commercial Company of Angola (Companhia Comercial de Angola). Lara and Ferreira Gonçalves established his first sugar mill in 1901, expanding his sugar-cane plantations in Benguela to 1,000 acres (4 km2) of land in 1915. He employed a thousand workers and produced 2,500,000 pounds of sugar annually. He used the profits from his initial investment to build a railroad to his personal port. The CCA became the largest trading company in the Angolan colony.
In 1901, the Portuguese government imposed a quota of 6,000 tons of sugar production per year on Angola and Mozambique.
The price of rubber declined in the 1900s, prompting a revolt in 1902. The uprising, the last attempt by the Ovimbundu peoples to resist Portuguese colonization, pitted rival traders against one another. However, while the Portuguese maintained ethnic and national solidarity, the Ovimbundu continued to engage in slave raids. The Portuguese suppressed the rebellion and annexed the Central Highlands.Degregado settlers and Boer farmers stole natives' lands, impressing and deporting workers to plantations. Portuguese authorities arrested the king of Bailundo after an Ovimbundu celebration in which natives consumed Portuguese rum, allegedly without paying. The king's advisor, Mutu ya Kevela, allied with Bailundo's neighboring kingdoms and launched a liberation war. He told his council, rallying them to fight, "Before the traders came we had our own home-brewed beer, we lived long lives and were strong." Kevela's troops killed Portuguese colonists and burned down their trading posts. Native victories spread towards Bié, but Portuguese troops stationed in Benguela and Moçâmedes put down the revolt. The war ended in 1903, almost two years later, with the Portuguese victorious and Kevela dead.
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