1641 Rebellion

Irish Rebellion of 1641
Part of the Eleven Years' War
Date 23 October 1641 – May 1642 (7 months) Location Ireland Result Founding of the Irish Catholic Confederation and beginning of the Confederate War
Belligerents
Irish Catholics	Kingdom of England Kingdom of Ireland Scottish Covenanters Protestant colonists
Commanders and leaders
Felim O'Neill, Rory O'Moore, Donough MacCarty, Connor Maguire and others	William St Leger, James Butler, Charles Coote, Robert Monro (Covenanters)
Strength
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Casualties and losses
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The Irish Rebellion of 1641 (Irish: Éirí Amach 1641) began as an attempted coup d'état by Irish Catholic gentry, who tried to seize control of the English administration in Ireland to force concessions for Catholics. The coup failed and the rebellion developed into an ethnic conflict between native Irish Catholics on one side, and English and Scottish Protestant settlers on the other. This began a conflict known as the Irish Confederate Wars.

The rising was sparked by Catholic fears of an impending invasion of Ireland by anti-Catholic forces of the English Long Parliament and the Scottish Covenanters, who were defying the authority of King Charles I (king of England, Scotland, and Ireland). In turn, the rebels' suspected association with Charles helped start the English Civil War. The English and Scottish Parliaments refused to raise an army to put down the rebellion unless it was under their command rather than the King's.

The Irish rebellion broke out in October 1641 and was followed by several months of violent chaos before the Irish Catholic upper classes and clergy formed the Catholic Confederation in the summer of 1642. The Confederation became a de facto government of most of Ireland, free from the control of the English administration and loosely aligned with the Royalist side in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. The subsequent Irish Confederate Wars continued in Ireland until the 1650s, when Oliver Cromwell's New Model Army decisively defeated the Irish Catholics and Royalists, and re-conquered the country.

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