The 10th Rifle Corps was an infantry corps of the Red Army, which later became the 10th Army Corps after the Second World War.
The corps was formed by an order dated 12 July 1922 in the West Siberian Military District at Barnaul. Between May and November 1923, its headquarters was at Novonikolayevsk. In November, under the command of October Revolution and Russian Civil War hero Pavel Dybenko, the corps was transferred to Kozlov in the Moscow Military District. It was moved to Kursk in June 1924, and in 1937 to Voronezh. In September 1939, the corps fought in the Soviet invasion of Poland, occupying what is now western Belarus. From December 1939 to March 1940, the corps participated in the Winter War, fighting as part of the 7th Army in the western part of the Karelian Isthmus. After the Winter War ended, the 10th Rifle Corps was relocated back to Krasnoye Urochishche near Minsk in the Belorussian Special Military District. In June, the corps participated in the Soviet occupation of Lithuania, where it was initially headquartered at Šiauliai as part of the Baltic Special Military District from July, moving to Telšiai in August.
The First Formation was part of the operational army during World War II from June 22, 1941 to September 7, 1941.