1-UP Studio

1-UP Studio Co., Ltd. (１‐UPスタジオ株式会社, Wan-Appu Sutajio Kabushiki Gaisha^?), formerly Brownie Brown Inc. (ブラウニーブラウン, Buraunī Buraun^?), is a Japanese Nintendo-funded and owned video game developer founded on June 30, 2000 in Tokyo, Japan. On February 1, 2013, the company announced that due to their recent co-development efforts with Nintendo, that they were undergoing a change in internal structure, which included changing the name of their company to 1-UP Studio.

The company consists of many ex-Square Co., Ltd. 2D artists. At least two of its founders (Kameoka Shinichi and Kouji Tsuda) had previously worked on the award-winning Mana series on the Game Boy and Super NES platforms.Nintendo trademarked the original Brownie Brown name, the meaning of the name is that, according to Brownie Brown's old website, a brownie is a hard working elf, and the elf that is on their logo, is named Brown, thus he is the Brownie Brown. The founders left Square due to "differing ideals."

The company's first original creation was the Japan-only Magical Vacation for the Game Boy Advance, which was released in 2001. Another popular title developed by Brownie Brown was Sword of Mana, which was created for and published by Square Enix. Thought to be a new title in the Seiken Densetsu series, it was actually an enhanced remake of the first game in the series, Seiken Densetsu: Final Fantasy Gaiden (known as Mystic Quest in Europe and Final Fantasy Adventure in North America).