.476 Enfield

.476 Enfield Mark III
One Enfield Mk II (left) and three Enfield Mk III cartridges
Type	Revolver
Place of origin	British Empire
Service history
In service	1881–1911
Used by	British Army, colonial militaries, North-West Mounted Police
Specifications
Bullet diameter	.455 in (11.6 mm)
Neck diameter	.474 in (12.0 mm)
Base diameter	.478 in (12.1 mm)
Rim diameter	.530 in (13.5 mm)
Case length	0.87 in (22 mm)
Overall length	1.33 in (34 mm)
Primer type	Berdan

The .476 Enfield, also known as the .476 Eley, .476 Revolver, and occasionally .455/476, was a British centrefire black powder revolver cartridge. The Enfield name derives from the location of the Royal Small Arms Factory at Enfield Lock, the armoury where British Military Small Arms were produced, while Eley was a British commercial brand.Used in the Enfield Mk II revolver, the Mk III variant was introduced by the British Army in 1881, supplanting the earlier .476 Enfield Mark I and II cartridges, which in turn had replaced the .450 Adams cartridges, all of which also used black powder propellant.

The .476 Enfield cartridge was only in British service for a comparatively short period before it was replaced by the black powder-loaded .455 Webley Mark I in 1887 and then by the smokeless powder-loaded .455 Webley Mark II in September 1897. Just over 1,000 Enfield Mark IIs were issued to the North-West Mounted Police, and these remained in service until 1911, when the last Enfields were phased out in favour of more modern (and reliable) .45 Colt New Service revolvers.

Using the same bullet as the .455 (11.6mm) Webley Mark I, the .476 casing was 0.05 mm (0.002 in) longer and carried a charge of 18 gr (1.17 g) of black powder, compared to 6.5 gr (0.42 g) of cordite in the .455 Mark I. While the .476 Enfield cartridge could be used in any British-manufactured .455 Webley calibre service revolver, there were issues with the later-production Colt or Smith & Wesson .455 Revolver models, which were liable to have slightly smaller bore diameters.