École polytechnique (France)
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| Motto | Pour la Patrie, les Sciences et la Gloire |
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Motto in English
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For the Homeland, Science and Glory |
| Type | Grande école |
| Established | 1794 |
| President | Jacques Biot |
| General Director | General Engineer Yves Demay |
| Students | 3,011 |
| Postgraduates | 2,000 engineer candidates 439 masters |
| 572 | |
| Location |
Palaiseau, France 48°42′47″N 2°12′32″E / 48.713°N 2.209°ECoordinates: 48°42′47″N 2°12′32″E / 48.713°N 2.209°E |
| Colors |
Red Yellow |
| Nickname | L'X |
| Affiliations | ParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, CGE, CDEFI |
| Website | polytechnique |
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| University rankings | |||
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| Ranking | World | Europe | National |
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| QS | 40 | 13 | 2 |
| THE | =101 | 44 | 2 |
| ARWU | 72 | 24 | 3 |
École Polytechnique (also known by the nickname "X") is a French public institution of higher education and research in Palaiseau, a suburb located south from Paris. It is one of the leading French 'Grande Écoles' in engineering.
The school was established in 1794 by the mathematician Gaspard Monge during the French Revolution, and was once previously a military academy under Napoleon I in 1804. Although no longer a military academy, the institution still runs under the supervision of the French ministry of Defence. Initially located in the Latin Quarter of central Paris, the establishment main buildings was moved in 1976 to Palaiseau on the Saclay Plateau, southwest of Paris.
Polytechnique has engaged in partnerships to improve its international renown. It is thus a founding member of ParisTech, a grouping of leading Paris-area engineering colleges established in 2007. In 2014 it became a founding member of the confederal "University of Paris in Saclay". Among its alumni are three Nobel prize winners, one Fields Medalist, three Presidents of France and many CEOs of French and international companies. It is currently ranked as world's third-best small university by Times Higher Education's World University Rankings.
In the 19th century, its specific model has inspired the foundation of similar schools, also named "Polytechnic" such as École Polytechnique de Montréal or Caltech (initially a vocational school named the Throop 'Polytechnic' Institute).
Polytechnique has had more than 200 years of tradition: In 1794, The École centrale des travaux publics was founded by Lazare Carnot and Gaspard Monge, during the French Revolution, at the time of the National Convention. It was renamed "École polytechnique" one year later. In 1805, Emperor Napoléon Bonaparte settled the École on Montagne Sainte-Geneviève, in the Quartier Latin, in central Paris (48°50′52″N 2°20′57″E / 48.847747°N 2.349043°E), as a military academy and gave its motto Pour la Patrie, les Sciences et la Gloire (For the Nation, science and glory). In 1814, students took part in the fights to defend Paris from the Sixth Coalition. In 1830, fifty students participated in the July Revolution. In 1848, students lead the French Revolution of 1848, and was an important part of the post-revolutionary process, with one student (Charles de Freycinet) becoming part of the post-revolution government. They were given the right to wear a sword as a recognition of their role.
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