Samara Oblast (Russian: Сама́рская о́бласть, tr. Samarskaya oblast; IPA: [sɐˈmarskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Samara. As of the 2010 Census, the population of the oblast was 3,215,532.

During the Revolution of 1905, a rebellion took place on November that year at the village of Novaya Tsarevshchina (now Volzhsky, at the center of Samara Oblast) and spread to the village of Stary Buyan, leading to the formation of the short-lived separatist state, the Stary Buyan Republic. It was suppressed by a punitive expedition of Cossacks and gendarmes led by the vice-governor of the gubernia.

Middle Volga Oblast was established on May 14, 1928. On October 20, 1929, it was transformed into Middle Volga Krai, which was renamed Kuybyshev Krai on January 27, 1935. On December 5, 1936, Kuybyshev Krai was transformed into Kuybyshev Oblast (Russian: Ку́йбышевская о́бласть, tr. Kuybyshevskaya Oblast; IPA: [ˈkujbɨʂɨfskəjə ˈobləstʲ]) upon the adoption of the 1936 Soviet Constitution. On January 25, 1991, the oblast was renamed Samara Oblast.

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