Zhang Chonghua

Zhang Chonghua (Chinese: 張重華; 327–353), courtesy name Tailin (泰臨), formally Duke Jinglie of Xiping (西平敬烈公, posthumous name given by the Jin dynasty) or Duke Huan of Xiping (西平桓公, posthumous name used internally in Former Liang) was a ruler of the Chinese state Former Liang. During his reign, he often not only used the Jin-created title Duke of Xiping, but also used the title "Acting Prince of Liang" (假涼王). During the brief reign of his brother Zhang Zuo, he was honored as Prince Ming of Liang (涼明王).

Zhang Chonghua was born in 327, three years after his father Zhang Jun had become the ruler of Former Liang, as his second son. His mother was Lady Ma, a concubine of Zhang Jun. In 333, at age six, he was made his father's heir apparent. (It is not clear why he was made heir apparent; he had an older brother, Zhang Zuo, and neither was born of Zhang Jun's wife Princess Yan.) In 339, when Zhang Chonghua 12, Zhang Jun transferred some of his authority to Zhang Zhonghua and gave him the title of acting governor of Liang Province (涼州, modern central and western Gansu). In early 346, when Zhang Jun divided his domain into three provinces, he made Zhang Zhonghua the governor of Liang Province.

Later in 346, Zhang Jun died. Zhang Chonghua succeeded him, and took the same titles he had—including the Duke of Xiping and the self-declared title Acting Prince of Liang. He honored his father's wife Princess Yan as Grand Princess Dowager and his mother Lady Ma as Princess Dowager.

Zhang Chonghua appeared to be a mediocre ruler, as he was criticized for spending too much time in games and pleasure. He also tended to trust flattering attendants, even though he was not criticized for being cruel or extravagant. In 349, Suo Zhen (索振) tried to persuade him to spend less time on games and not to reward his attendants with too much money, but while Zhang Chonghua thanked him and rewarded him, he did not appear to change his ways significantly.

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