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Yuri Feodorovich Orlov

Yuri Fyodorovich Orlov
Orlov photo.jpg
Orlov, Summer 2008
Native name Юрий Фёдорович Орлов
Born (1924-08-13) 13 August 1924 (age 92)
Moscow, USSR
Citizenship
Nationality Russian
Fields nuclear physics
Institutions
Alma mater Moscow State University, Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics
Known for his scientific work and participation in human rights movement in the Soviet Union
Notable awards Carter-Menil Human Rights Prize (1986), honorary doctorate Uppsala University (1990) Nicholson Medal for Humanitarian Service (1995), Andrei Sakharov Prize (APS) (2006)
Spouse
  • Irina Lagunova
  • Irina Valitova
  • Sidney Orlov
Children sons Dmitri, Aleksandr, Lev

Yuri Fyodorovich Orlov (Russian: Ю́рий Фёдорович Орло́в, born 13 August 1924 in Moscow) is Professor of Physics and Government at Cornell University, a former Soviet dissident, Soviet nuclear physicist and human rights activist, a founder of the Moscow Helsinki Group and Soviet Amnesty International group. He was declared a prisoner of conscience when served nine years in prison and internal exile for monitoring the Helsinki human rights accords as a founder of human rights movement in the Soviet Union.

Yuri Orlov was born into a working-class family on 13 August 1924 and grew up in a village near Moscow. His parents were Klavdiya Petrovna Lebedeva and Fyodor Pavlovich Orlov. In March 1933, his father died.

From 1944 to 1946, Orlov served as an officer in the Soviet army. In 1952, he graduated from the Moscow State University and began his postgraduate studies at the Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics where he later worked as a physicist.

In 1956, Orlov nearly lost his career of scientist due to his speech at the party meeting devoted to the discussion of the report On the Personality Cult and its Consequences by Khrushchev at the 20th Congress of the CPSU. Then he publicly called Stalin and Beria "killers who were in power" and put forward the requirement of "democracy on the basis of socialism." For the pro-democracy speech he made in 1956, he was expelled from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and fired from his job.


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