Yermolayev (Russian: Ермолаев) and Yermolayeva (Russian: Ермолаева; feminine) is a Russian surname.
Yermolayev is derived from the given name Yermolay (or Ermolai, Ermolay, Yermolai; Russian: Ермолай), which was from the Greek Hermolaos, meaning "the people of Hermes".
"Yermolayev" may also alternatively be spelled or romanized as follows:
Notable people with this surname include: