Yamabe problem
The Yamabe problem in differential geometry concerns the existence of Riemannian metrics with constant scalar curvature, and takes its name from the mathematician Hidehiko Yamabe. Yamabe (1960) claimed to have a solution, but Trudinger (1968) discovered a critical error in his proof. The combined work of Neil Trudinger, Thierry Aubin, and Richard Schoen later provided a complete solution to the problem in 1984.
The Yamabe problem is the following: Given a smooth, compact manifold M of dimension n ≥ 3 with a Riemannian metric g, does there exist a metric g' conformal to g for which the scalar curvature of g' is constant? In other words, does a smooth function f exist on M for which the metric g' = e2fg has constant scalar curvature? The answer is now known to be yes, and was proved using techniques from differential geometry, functional analysis and partial differential equations.
A closely related question is the so-called "non-compact Yamabe problem", which asks: Is it true that on every smooth complete Riemannian manifold (M,g) which is not compact, there exists a metric that is conformal to g, has constant scalar curvature and is also complete? The answer is no, due to counterexamples given by Jin (1988).
...
Wikipedia