Whipple Observatory

Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory

Entrance to the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory
Organization	Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
Code	G91, 696
Location	Mount Hopkins, Arizona, United States
Coordinates	31°40′52″N 110°52′42″W / 31.68111°N 110.87833°W / 31.68111; -110.87833
Altitude	2,606 meters (8,550 ft)
Established	1966–1968
Website	Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory
Telescopes
MMT Observatory 6.5 m reflector Telescope 1.5 m reflector Telescope 1.2 m reflector PAIRITEL 1.3 m reflector Whipple 10 m 10 m IACT VERITAS 12 m IACT array HATNet telescope optical refractor
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The Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory is an American astronomical observatory owned and operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO); it is their largest field installation outside of their main site in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It is located near Amado, Arizona on the slopes of Mount Hopkins.

Research activities include imaging and spectroscopy of extragalactic, stellar, and planetary bodies, as well as gamma-ray and cosmic-ray astronomy.

In 1966, roadwork began on the current site with funding granted for the Smithsonian Mt. Hopkins Observatory. The Whipple 10-meter gamma-ray telescope was constructed in 1968.

Formerly known as "The Mount Hopkins Observatory," the observatory was renamed in late 1981 in honor of Fred Lawrence Whipple, noted planetary expert, space science pioneer, and director emeritus of SAO, under whose leadership the Arizona facility was established.

Whipple observatory hosts the MMT Observatory, which is jointly run by SAO and the University of Arizona and houses a 6.5-meter telescope. The observatory also has 1.5- and 1.2-meter reflectors and a second 1.3-meter reflector named PAIRITEL (Peters Automated IR Imaging Telescope, ex-2MASS ). Also on site is the HATNet (Hungarian-made Automated Telescope) network, the MEarth Project, and four 0.7-meter telescopes of the automated MINiature Exoplanat Radial Velocity Array (MINERVA).

The observatory is known for its pioneering work in ground-based gamma-ray astronomy through the development of the Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Technique (IACT) with the Whipple 10-meter Telescope during the early 1980s. The Whipple 10-meter is currently preparing to be decommissioned after forty years of service.

In April 2007, VERITAS (a system of 4 IACT telescopes with 12-meter reflectors) started full operations at the FLWO basecamp. Subsequently, in September 2009, after a 4-month effort, one of the telescopes was moved to a new position, making the array symmetric and increasing its sensitivity.