Wheat yellow rust
| Wheat yellow rust | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Phylum: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Urediniomycetes |
| Subclass: | Incertae sedis |
| Order: | Uredinales |
| Family: | Pucciniastraceae |
| Genus: | Puccinia |
| Species: | P. striiformis var. tritici |
| Binomial name | |
|
Puccinia striiformis var. tritici Westend., (1854) |
|
| Synonyms | |
|
Dicaeoma glumarum |
|
Dicaeoma glumarum
Puccinia glumarum
Puccinia rubigo-vera
Puccinia straminis
Puccinia striiformis
Trichobasis glumarum
Uredo glumarum
Wheat yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici), also known as stripe rust, is one of the three wheat rust diseases principally found in wheat grown in cooler environments. Such locations are generally associated with northern latitudes or cooler seasons.
As R.P. Singh, J. Huerta-Espino, and A.P. Roelfs say in their (undated) comprehensive review of literature on the wheat rusts for UN FAO:
"Although Gadd first described stripe rust of wheat in 1777, it was not until 1896 that Eriksson and Henning (1896) showed that stripe rust resulted from a separate pathogen, which they named P. glumarum. In 1953, Hylander et al. (1953) revived the name P. striiformis."
"Yellow rust" takes its name from the appearance of yellow-colored stripes produced parallel along the venations of each leaf blade. These yellow stripes are actually characteristic of uredinia that produce yellow colored urediniospores. Primary hosts of yellow rust are Triticum aestivum (bread wheat), Triticum turgidum (durum wheat), triticale, and a few Hordeum vulgare (barley) cultivars. The alternate host was discovered by accident in 2010. Species of common barberry plants (the alternate host of wheat stem rust) were found harbouring stripe rust. When transferred to grass hosts, Kentucky Bluegrass was successfully infected and urediniospores were produced. Several species of Berberis were then investigated as alternate hosts of Wheat stripe rust and inoculations were successful.
The disease usually occurs early in the growth season, when temperature ranges between 2 and 15 °C; but it may occur to a maximum of 23 °C. High humidity and rainfall are favorable conditions for increasing the infection on both leaf blade and leaf sheath, even on spikes when in epidemic form. Symptoms are stunted and weakened plants, shriveled grains, fewer spikes, loss in number of grains per spike and grain weight. Losses can be 50%, but in severe situations 100% is vulnerable. In countries where wheat is grown in winters or at high elevations, yellow rust is a common threat, but not more significant than wheat leaf rust and stem rust, which are continuous threats in all wheat-growing countries.
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Wikipedia