Wenceslaus, Elector of Saxony
| Wenceslas I, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg | |
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| Spouse(s) | Cecilia of Carrara |
| Noble family | House of Ascania |
| Father | Rudolf I, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg |
| Mother | Agnes of Lindow-Ruppin |
| Born | c. 1337 |
| Died | 11 May 1388 Celle |
Wenceslas I, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg (c. 1337 – 15 May 1388 in Celle) from the House of Ascania ruled from 1370 to 1388 and was a prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire as well as Prince of Lüneburg. He was the son of Rudolf I and his 3rd wife, Agnes of Lindow-Ruppin.
In 1370 Wenceslas succeeded his brother Rudolf II. In 1376 he took part, as a prince-elector, in the election of Wenceslas IV of Bohemia as King of Germany and in 1377 stood by Emperor Charles IV in the Altmark. He was frequently active in the affairs of the empire on the side of the emperor. Charles IV granted Albert of Saxe-Wittenberg and his uncle Wenceslas I - and their house - the underlying entitlement to Brunswick and Lüneburg, but the two of them were unsuccessful in claiming this right through the Lüneburg War of Succession. In 1388 Wenceslas finally lost his claim at the battle of Winsen an der Aller.
He was in conflict with the Duke of Brabant over the right to carry the Imperial Sword ahead of the emperor.
He made state peace treaties with Anhalt, Magdeburg and Meißen.
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