Walras' Law

Walras' law is a principle in general equilibrium theory asserting that budget constraints imply that the values of excess demand (or, conversely, excess market supplies) must sum to zero. That is:

where ${\displaystyle p_{j}}$ is the price of good j and ${\displaystyle D_{j}}$ and ${\displaystyle S_{j}}$ are the demand and supply respectively of good j.

Walras' law is named for the economist Léon Walras of the University of Lausanne who formulated the concept in his Elements of Pure Economics of 1874. Although the concept was expressed earlier but in a less mathematically rigorous fashion by John Stuart Mill in his Essays on Some Unsettled Questions of Political Economy (1844), Walras noted the mathematically equivalent proposition that when considering any particular market, if all other markets in an economy are in equilibrium, then that specific market must also be in equilibrium. The term "Walras' law" was coined by Oskar Lange to distinguish it from Say's law. Some economic theorists also use the term to refer to the weaker proposition that the total value of excess demand cannot exceed the total values of excess supply.

...
Wikipedia