Von Bissing University

The Vlaamsche Hoogeschool (Dutch; "Flemish Academy"), commonly known as the von Bissing University (Dutch: von-Bissinguniversiteit), was a Dutch-speaking university in Ghent established in German-occupied Belgium in October 1916. The university, which was separate from the existing Ghent University, formed part of the German Flamenpolitik and was a response to the long-established grievance of the Flemish Movement which campaigned against Ghent University's curriculum being taught only in French, despite the university being located in a majority Dutch-speaking region. The institution took its informal name from Moritz von Bissing, the German Governor-General of Belgium from 1914 to 1917, who was one of the chief proponents of the Flamenpolitik.

Before the outbreak of World War I, the almost universal language of higher education across Belgium was French. This was because French had historically been privileged as the language of the Belgian government and the upper classes across the country. In the late 19th century, however, the emerging Flemish Movement (Vlaamse Beweging) attacked the use of French in majority Dutch-speaking Flanders. In the years before the World War I, the movement had achieved de jure legal equality for Dutch as an official national language, but the issue was still contentious at the outbreak of war in August 1914. In particular, the language used in higher education was still being highlighted by the Flemish Movement, as French remained the only language of instruction in all Belgian universities. At the outbreak of war, it appeared that Ghent University, located in the Flemish city of Ghent, would be forced by law to begin teaching in Dutch by 1915, but the outbreak of war and German invasion of Belgium stopped any realization of this objective.

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