Veera Ballala III
| Veera Ballala III | |
|---|---|
| Last Hoysala King | |
| Reign | c. 1292 – c. 1342 CE |
| Predecessor | Narasimha III |
| Successor | Harihara I (Founder of Vijayanagara Empire) |
| Died | 1343 |
| Dynasty | Hoysala |
| Hoysala Kings (1026–1343) | |
| Nripa Kama II | (1026–1047) |
| Hoysala Vinayaditya | (1047–1098) |
| Ereyanga | (1098–1102) |
| Veera Ballala I | (1102–1108) |
| Vishnuvardhana | (1108–1152) |
| Narasimha I | (1152–1173) |
| Veera Ballala II | (1173–1220) |
| Vira Narasimha II | (1220–1235) |
| Vira Someshwara | (1235–1263) |
| Narasimha III | (1263–1292) |
| Veera Ballala III | (1292–1343) |
|
Harihara Raya (Vijayanagara Empire) |
(1342–1355) |
Veera Ballala III (r.1292–1342) was the last great king of the Hoysala Empire. During his rule, the northern and southern branches of the Hoysala empire (which included much of modern Karnataka and northern Tamil Nadu) were consolidated and administered from Halebidu (also known as Dwarasamudra). During his rule, he fought numerous wars with the Yadavas of Devagiri, the Pandyan Dynasty of Madurai and other minor dynasties of South India. But it was his conflict with the invading forces of Alla-ud-din Khilji, and later those of Muhammad bin Tughluq, the Sultan of Delhi, that would alter the course of history of South India. For his courage and fortitude, the historians Suryanath Kamath, Chopra, Ravindran and Subrahmanian have called him a "great ruler". With his death in c.1343, South India saw the raise of a new Hindu empire, the Vijayanagara Empire. In the words of the historian Sen "the Hoysalas were the greatest among those who claim to be the makers of modern Mysore".
In c.1303, Veera Ballala III subdued the recalcitrant Alupas of Dakshina kannada. His attempts to reduce the Yadava power did not diminish either. In c.1305, Veera Ballala III successfully fought the invading Yadavas at Holalkere and pushed them back to Lakkundi. He dealt swiftly with the rebellious Kadambas of Hangal and the Santaras of Shimoga (Hosagunda). Around c.1310, Ballala III successfully played 'king maker' in the affairs of Tamil country by appointing Sundara Pandya as the Pandya king as opposed to his competitor, Vira Pandya. However his focus the rebellious ruler Kampilideva of the Kampili Chiefdom on the banks of the Tungabhadra river and on the affairs in the Tamil country to the south laid open the northern boundaries of his territories to the invasion of Malik Kafur, the commander of the armies of All-ud-din-Khilji. The Yadavas themselves, according to historian John Keay, provided the necessary help to Mallik Kafur's armies to march south. Halebidu was attacked and plundered in c.1311, only to be rebuilt in c.1316. Veera Ballala III had to accept defeat to the Delhi Sultan, pay a handsome tribute, and send his son Veera Virupaksha to Delhi as an act of submission. His son returned in 1313. According to historian John Keay, claims by later writers such as Ferishta that Mallik Kafur even built a mosque in Halebidu to establish his supremacy are legends without historical evidence.
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