Vedic meter

Vedic meter refers to the poetic meter in the Vedic literature. The study of Vedic meters, along with post-Vedic meters, is part of Chandas, one of the six Vedanga disciplines.

There are several other minor metres found in the Vedas, such as:

The shortest and most sacred of Vedic meters is the Gayatri metre. It consists of three octosyllabic feet (pada, 3x8) with 24 syllables. The following is an example of a Rigvedic hymn in Gayatri meter:

The hymn:
इन्द्रमिद्गाथिनो बृहदिन्द्रमर्केभिरर्किणः इन्द्रं वाणीरनूषत ॥१॥

Transliteration in 3x8 format:
indram id gāthino bṛhad
indram arkebhir arkiṇaḥ
indraṃ vāṇīr anūṣata

Musical beats:
_ ‿ _ _ / ‿ _ ‿ ‿ // _ ‿ _ _ / ‿ _ ‿ ‿ // _ _ _ _ / ‿ _ ‿ ‿

DUM da DUM DUM / da DUM da da // DUM da DUM DUM / da DUM da da // DUM DUM DUM DUM / da DUM da da

Translation:
The chanters have loudly chanted to Indra,
the singers have sung their songs to Indra,
the musicians have resounded to Indra.

Depending on the emphasis (da or DUM), the Vedic poets developed many varieties of each meter, including the Gayatri. Of these, 11 varieties of Gayatri meter were particularly used in the Rigveda. Each eight syllable line of the Rigveda, is almost exactly equivalent to the Greek iambic dimeter. The sacred Gayatri meter of the Hindus consists of three of such iambic dimeter lines, and this embedded meter alone is at the heart of about 25% of the entire Rigveda. The only meter more commonly used in Rigveda, than Gayatri, is the Tristubh meter consisting of 4x11 structure (44 syllables). The structure of Gayatri and other Vedic meters is more experimental and flexible than post-Vedic meters.

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