Vallabhi council

There are several Jain councils mentioned in Jain texts associated with revision and redaction of Jain Agamas (sacred texts). The first council was held at Pataliputra. It The second councils were probably held simultaneously at Mathura and Vallabhi. The third council was held at Vallabhi under auspices of Devarddhigani Kshamashramana when the texts were written down. The definite dates of councils are not mentioned in the texts before Jinaprabhamuni’s Sandehavisausadhi of 1307 CE. The later texts states that the last Vallabhi council was held 980 or 993 years after the death (Nirvana) of last Tirthankara Mahavira (After Vardhamana = AV).

The first council was held at Pataliputra (now Patna, Bihar, India). The Avashyaka-churni (dated between Samvat 650 and 750=593–693 CE) describes: There was twelve years long famine which resulted in the monks moving to the coast. When the famine ended, they gathered at Pataliputra. They gathered the sacred knowledge and put together the eleven Angas but could not gather the Ditthivada (Drstivada). Bhadrabahu who knew the fourteen Purvas was then in Nepal. The sangha sent emissaries to him and informed to come and teach Dittivada. He refused to come citing that he had undertaken a practise Mahaprana. The emissaries returned and informed the sangha. The sangha sent emissaries again and asked, "What is the punishment for someone who disobeys an order of the sangha?" He replied "That one is to be expelled." He added, " Do not expel me, send intelligent [students], I will teach them."

Hemchandra's Parishishtaparvan, probably based on Avashyaka-churni; also known as Sthaviravali (stories on the lives of elders or Jain patriarchs), contains detailed information about the council and how the knowledge of the Purvas was lost.

The second councils were held simultaneously at Mathura (now in Uttar Pradesh, India) under auspices of Skandila and at Vallabhi (now in Gujarat, India) under auspices of Nagarjuna to continue the transmission of sacred knowledge after famines.

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