Valaciclovir
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| Clinical data | |
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| Trade names | Valtrex |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a695010 |
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| Routes of administration |
Oral |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 55% |
| Protein binding | 13–18% |
| Metabolism | Hepatic (to aciclovir) |
| Biological half-life | <30 minutes (valaciclovir); 2.5–3.6 hours (aciclovir) |
| Excretion | Renal 40–50% (aciclovir), faecal 47% (aciclovir) |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.114.479 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C13H20N6O4 |
| Molar mass | 324.336 g/mol |
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Valaciclovir, also spelled valacyclovir, is an antiviral drug used in the management of herpes simplex, herpes zoster (shingles), and herpes B.
It is a prodrug, being converted in vivo to aciclovir.
Valaciclovir was approved for medical use in 1995. It is marketed by GlaxoSmithKline under the trade names Valtrex and Zelitrex. Valaciclovir has been available as a generic drug in the U.S. since November 25, 2009.
Valaciclovir is indicated for the treatment of HSV and VZV infections, including:
It has shown promise as a treatment for infectious mononucleosis, and is preventively administered in suspected cases of herpes B virus exposure.
Common adverse drug reactions (≥1% of patients) associated with valaciclovir therapy are the same as for aciclovir, its active metabolite, and include: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and headache. Infrequent adverse effects (0.1–1% of patients) include: agitation, vertigo, confusion, dizziness, edema, arthralgia, sore throat, constipation, abdominal pain, rash, weakness and/or renal impairment. Rare adverse effects (<0.1% of patients) include: coma, seizures, neutropenia, leukopenia, tremor, ataxia, encephalopathy, psychotic symptoms, crystalluria, anorexia, fatigue, hepatitis, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis and/or anaphylaxis.
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