Uyunids
| Uyunid Dynasty | |
|---|---|
| Country | Uyunid Emirate |
| Parent house | Abdul Qays |
| Titles | Emir, Sheikh |
| Founded | 1076 |
| Founder | Abdullah bin Ali Al Uyuni |
| Final ruler | Fadl III ibn Muhammad |
| Dissolution | 1253 |
| Ethnicity | Arab |
| Cadet branches | Al Ghardaqa |
The Uyunid dynasty, Al Uyuni, House of Uyunid (Arabic: العيوني و العيونيون), were an Arab dynasty that ruled Eastern Arabia for 163 years, from the 11th to the 13th centuries. Their sect is disputed; some sources mention they were Shia, others Sunni. They were the remnants of Bani Abdul Qays tribe and seized the country from the Qarmatians with the military assistance of Great Seljuq Empire in the year 1077-1078 AD. It then fell to the Usfurids of Banu Uqayl in 651 AH (1253 AD). The famous poet Ali bin al Mugrab Al Uyuni is a descendant of the Uyunids.
In 1077-1078, an Arab Sheikh named Abdullah bin Ali Al-'Uyuni defeated the Qarmatians in Bahrain and Al-Hasa with the help of Baghdad and founded the Uyunid dynasty.
The Uyunid Emirate was established and ruled by Sheikh Abdullah bin Ali Al Uyuni in the state of Al-Hasa with the assisted of the Abbasids and the Turks. Then Al-Fadhl, son of Abdullah, transfers his capital to Qatif, then to Awal (today’s state of Bahrain). In his reign, the state extended to Kuwait. Then in 513 H. the Capital went back to Qatif. Then in 531 H. Mohammed son of Al Fadhl 1 is assassinated there for the state was divided into two, one in Al-Hasa and the other in Al-Qatif.
Under Muhammad b. Ahmad b. Abu'l-Hussin b. Abu Sinan, the Uyunid's territory stretched from Najd to the Syrian desert. Due to the influence of the Uyunid kingdom, Caliph al-Nasir li-Din Allah gave Muhammad b. Ahmad authority to protect the pilgrimage route to Mecca. Muhammad was later murdered by a family member, instigated by his cousin, Gharir b. Shukr b. Ali. In the years 587 – 605 H. Mohammed bin Abi Al-hussain unites Qatif and Al-Hasa. He restores the glory of the Uyunids, and extends the state to Najd central Arabia. The state was divided again after his assassination in 605 H. In 640 H.
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