Usman dan Fodio
| Usman dan Fodio | |
|---|---|
| Sultan of Sokoto, Amir al-Muminin, Imama, Al Khalifa Al Amirulmuminin | |
| Reign | 1803–1815 |
| Coronation | Gudu, June 1803 |
| Successor |
Eastern areas (Sokoto): Muhammed Bello, son. Western areas (Gwandu): Abdullahi dan Fodio, brother. |
| Born | 1754 Gobir |
| Died | 1817 Sokoto |
| Burial | Hubare, Sokoto. |
| Wives |
|
| Issue | 23 children, including: Muhammed Bello Nana Asmau Abu Bakr Atiku |
| Dynasty | Sokoto Caliphate |
| Father | Mallam Muhammadu Fodio |
| Mother | Maimuna |
| Religion | Islam |
|---|---|
| Denomination | Sunni |
| Jurisprudence | Maliki |
| Creed | Ash'ari |
| Sufi order | Qadiri |
Shaihu Usman dan Fodio, born Usuman ɓii Foduye, (also referred to as Shaikh Usman Ibn Fodio, Shehu Uthman Dan Fuduye, Shehu Usman dan Fodio or Shaikh Uthman Ibn Fodio) (1754, Gobir – 1817, Sokoto) was a religious teacher, writer and Islamic promoter, and the founder of the Sokoto Caliphate. Dan Fodio was one of a class of urbanized ethnic Fulani living in the Hausa States in what is today northern Nigeria. He was a leader who followed the Sunni Maliki school of Jurisprudence and the Qadiri branch of Sufism.
A teacher of the Maliki school of law, he lived in the city-state of Gobir until 1802 when, motivated by his reformist ideas and suffering increasing repression by local authorities, he led his followers into exile. This exile began a political and social revolution which spread from Gobir throughout modern Nigeria and Cameroon, and was echoed in a jihad movement led by the Fula ethnic group across West Africa. Dan Fodio declined much of the pomp of rulership, and while developing contacts with religious reformists and jihad leaders across Africa, he soon passed actual leadership of the Sokoto state to his son, Muhammed Bello.
Dan Fodio wrote more than a hundred books concerning religion, government, culture, and society. He developed a critique of existing African Muslim elites for what he saw as their greed, paganism, violation of the standards of Sharia law, and use of heavy taxation. He encouraged literacy and scholarship, for women as well as men, and several of his daughters emerged as scholars and writers. His writings and sayings continue to be much quoted today, and are often affectionately referred to as Shehu in Nigeria. Some followers consider dan Fodio to have been a mujaddid, a divinely inspired "reformer of Islam".
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