Unethical human experimentation

Unethical human experimentation is human experimentation that violates the principles of medical ethics, such as the Nuremberg Code and the Declaration of Helsinki. It has been performed by countries including Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, North Korea, People's Republic of China, Baathist Iraq, United States, and the Soviet Union. Examples include Project MKUltra, Unit 731, and the experiments of Josef Mengele.

The Declaration of Helsinki, developed by the World Medical Association (WMA), is widely regarded as the cornerstone document on human research ethics.

Nazi Germany performed human experimentation on large numbers of prisoners (including children), largely Jews from across Europe, but also Romani, Sinti, ethnic Poles, Soviet POWs and disabled Germans, in its concentration camps mainly in the early 1940s, during World War II and the Holocaust. Prisoners were forced into participating; they did not willingly volunteer and no consent was given for the procedures. Typically, the experiments resulted in death, trauma, disfigurement or permanent disability, and as such are considered as examples of medical torture.

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