Umbo (bivalve)

The umbo (plural umbones or umbos) is the vaguely defined, often most prominent, highest part of each valve of the shell of a bivalve or univalve mollusk. It usually contains the valve's beak, the oldest point of the valve, and its degree of prominence and its position relative to the hinge line are sometimes helpful in distinguishing bivalve taxa. The umbo forms while the animal is a juvenile, and radial growth subsequently proceeds around that area. The umbo (plural umbones or umbos) is situated above the hinge line. In those bivalves where the umbones do not protrude, as is the case for example in some mussels, the umbones can nonetheless usually be readily identified by examining the concentric growth lines of the shell.

Umbo is also in use in anatomic descriptions of brachiopods, for the origin of growth of the valves.

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