The Right Honourable U Kyaw Nyein (March 1915–29 June 1986) was a Burmese politician.
Kyaw Nyein was born in March 1915, in Pyinmana, Briitsh Burma. His father, U Po Tok, a lawyer and also was a leader General Council of Burmese Associations and was married to his mother, Daw Thon. He entered Mandalay Intermediate College in 1930 to begin his study in Science.
He served as Deputy Prime Minister of Burma from 1948 to 1949 and again from 1953 to 1958. He was also the first Burmese Home Affairs Minister from 1947 to 1948 and the second Foreign Affairs Minister from 1948 to 1949 after independence and General Secretary of his party from 1946 to 1958 as a Socialist Staunch leader in Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League from 1946 to 1958 until the split in the party. From 1 July 1954 to 25 March 1968, he served as the first governor of Central Bank of Myanmar. He subsequently became a leader of the Stable AFPFL faction alongside Ba Swe. He was arrested in 1963 after Ne Win's 1962 coup and released in 1968.
He died in Rangoon after a long illness on 29 June 1986, aged 72. He has been called "the brain of Burma's drive to socialism."