Type 1 Diabetes

Diabetes type 1
Synonyms	T1D, insulin-dependent diabetes, juvenile diabetes
A blue circle, the symbol for diabetes.
Pronunciation	/daɪəbiːtiːs/
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Endocrinology
ICD-10	E10
ICD-9-CM	250.01
OMIM	222100
DiseasesDB	3649
MedlinePlus	000305
eMedicine	med/546
MeSH	D003922
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Diabetes mellitus type 1 (also known as type 1 diabetes) is a form of diabetes mellitus in which not enough insulin is produced. The lack of insulin results in high blood sugar levels. The classical symptoms are frequent urination, increased thirst, increased hunger, and weight loss. Additional symptoms may include blurry vision, feeling tired, and poor healing. Symptoms typically develop over a short period of time.

The cause of type 1 diabetes is unknown. However, it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Risk factors include having a family member with the condition. The underlying mechanism involves an autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Diabetes is diagnosed by testing the level of sugar or A1C in the blood. Type 1 diabetes may be distinguished from type 2 by autoantibody testing.

There is no known way to prevent type 1 diabetes. Treatment with insulin is typically required for survival.Insulin therapy is usually given by injection just under the skin but can also be delivered by an insulin pump. A diabetic diet and exercise are an important part of management. Untreated, diabetes can cause many complications. Complications of relatively rapid onset include diabetic ketoacidosis and nonketotic hyperosmolar coma. Long-term complications include heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, foot ulcers and damage to the eyes. Furthermore, complications may arise from low blood sugar caused by excessive insulin treatment.

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