Twenty-ninth dynasty of Egypt
| Egypt | ||||||||||
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| Capital | Mendes | |||||||||
| Languages | Egyptian language | |||||||||
| Religion | Ancient Egyptian Religion | |||||||||
| Government | Absolute monarchy | |||||||||
| Historical era | Classical antiquity | |||||||||
| • | Deposition of Amyrtaeus | 398 BC | ||||||||
| • | Deposition of Nefaarud II | 380 BC | ||||||||
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Sphinx of Hakor
The Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXIX, alternatively 29th Dynasty or Dynasty 29) is usually classified as the fourth Dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian Late Period. It was founded after the overthrow of Amyrtaeus, the last Pharaoh of the 28th Dynasty, by Nefaarud I in 398 BC, and disestablished upon the overthrow of Nefaarud II in 280 BC.
Nefaarud I founded the 29th Dynasty (according to an account preserved in a papyrus in the Brooklyn Museum) by defeating Amyrtaeus in open battle, and later putting him to death at Memphis. Nefaarud then made Mendes his capital.
On Nefaarud's death, two rival factions fought for the throne: one behind his son Muthis, and the other supporting an usurper Psammuthes; although Psammuthes was successful, he only managed to reign for a year.
Psammuthes was overthrown by Hakor, who claimed to be the grandson of Nefaarud I. He successfully resisted Persian attempts to reconquer Egypt, drawing support from Athens (until the Peace of Antalcidas in 386 BC), and from the rebel king of Cyprus, Evagoras. Although his son Nefaarud II became king on his death, the younger Nefaarud was unable to keep hold on his inheritance.
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