Tupolev Tu-95
| Tu-95 | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Tu-95MS Bear H RF-94130 off Scotland in 2014 | |
| Role | Turboprop strategic bomber or missile carrier aircraft or airborne surveillance |
| National origin | Soviet Union |
| Manufacturer | Tupolev |
| First flight | 12 November 1952 |
| Introduction | 1956 |
| Status | In service |
| Primary users |
Soviet Air Forces Soviet Navy Russian Air Force |
| Produced | 1952–1993 |
| Number built | 500+ |
| Variants |
Tupolev Tu-114 passenger airliner Tupolev Tu-142 maritime patrol Tupolev Tu-95LAL nuclear-powered |
The Tupolev Tu-95 (Russian: Туполев Ту-95; NATO reporting name: "Bear") is a large, four-engine turboprop-powered strategic bomber and missile platform. First flown in 1952, the Tu-95 entered service with the Soviet Union in 1956 and is expected to serve the Russian Air Force until at least 2040. A development of the bomber for maritime patrol is designated Tu-142, while a passenger airliner derivative was called Tu-114.
The aircraft has four Kuznetsov NK-12 engines with contra-rotating propellers. It is the only propeller-powered strategic bomber still in operational use today. The Tu-95 is one of the loudest military aircraft, purportedly because the tips of the propeller blades move faster than the speed of sound. Its distinctive swept-back wings are at a 35° angle. The Tu-95 is one of the very few mass-produced propeller driven aircraft with swept wings.
The design bureau led by Andrei Tupolev designed the Soviet Union's first intercontinental bomber, the 1949 Tu-85, a scaled-up version of the Tu-4, a Boeing B-29 Superfortress copy.
A new requirement was issued to both Tupolev and Myasishchev design bureaus in 1950: the proposed bomber had to have an un-refueled range of 8,000 km (4,970 mi)—far enough to threaten key targets in the United States. Other goals included the ability to carry an 11,000 kg (12.1 ton) load over the target.
The big problem for Tupolev was the engine choice: the Tu-4 showed that piston engines were not powerful enough to fulfill that role, while the fuel-hungry AM-3 jet engines of the proposed T-4 intercontinental jet bomber did not provide adequate range. Turboprops offered more power than the piston engines and better range than jets available for the new bomber's development at the time, while offering a top speed in between these two alternative choices.
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Wikipedia