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Triiodothyronine

Triiodothyronine
(S)-Triiodthyronine Structural Formulae V2.svg
T3-3D-balls.png
Names
IUPAC name
(2S)-2-amino-3- [4-(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-phenoxy)- 3,5-diiodo-phenyl]propanoic acid
Other names
triiodothyronine
T3
3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine
Identifiers
6893-02-3 YesY
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
ChEBI CHEBI:18258 YesY
ChEMBL ChEMBL1544 YesY
ChemSpider 5707 YesY
DrugBank DB00279 YesY
ECHA InfoCard 100.027.272
2634
UNII 06LU7C9H1V YesY
Properties
C15H12I3NO4
Molar mass 650.9776 g mol−1
Hazards
NFPA 704
Flammability code 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g., canola oil Health code 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g., turpentine Reactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g., liquid nitrogen Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
YesY  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Triiodothyronine, also known as T3, is a thyroid hormone. It affects almost every physiological process in the body, including growth and development, metabolism, body temperature, and heart rate.

Production of T3 and its prohormone thyroxine (T4) is activated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which is released from the anterior pituitary gland. This pathway is part of a closed-loop feedback process: Elevated concentrations of T3, and T4 in the blood plasma inhibit the production of TSH in the anterior pituitary gland. As concentrations of these hormones decrease, the anterior pituitary gland increases production of TSH, and by these processes, a feedback control system stabilizes the amount of thyroid hormones that are in the bloodstream.

T3 is the true hormone. Its effects on target tissues are roughly four times more potent than those of T4. Of the thyroid hormone that is produced, just about 20% is T3, whereas 80% is produced as T4. Roughly 85% of the circulating T3 is later formed in the liver and anterior pituitary by removal of the iodine atom from the carbon atom number five of the outer ring of T4. In any case, the concentration of T3 in the human blood plasma is about one-fortieth that of T4. This is observed in fact because of the short half-life of T3, which is only 2.5 days. This compares with the half-life of T4, which is about 6.5 days.

T3 is the more metabolically active hormone produced from T4. T4 is deiodinated by three deiodinase enzymes to produce the more-active triiodothyronine:


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