Transjordan (Bible)

The Transjordan (Hebrew: עבר הירדן‎‎, Ever HaYarden) is an area of land in the Southern Levant lying east of the Jordan River.

The prefix is Latin and means "across" or beyond, so "Transjordan" refers to the land on the other side of the Jordan River. The equivalent Latin term for the west side is the Cisjordan - literally, "on this side of the [River] Jordan".

The term used in Hebrew for the Transjordan is עבר הירדן (Ever HaYarden), "beyond the Jordan", occurring, for example, in Joshua (1:14). It was therefore used by people on the west side of the Jordan, including the biblical writers.

Per the Septuagint, the Hebrew: בעבר הירדן מזרח השמש (מזרחית לנהר הירדן)‎, translit. hay·yar·dên miz·raḥ, lit. 'beyond the Jordan towards the sunrise'‎ is translated to Ancient Greek: πέραν τοῦ Ιορδάνου, translit. péran toú Jordánou, "beyond the Jordan", which was then translated to Latin: trans Iordanen, lit. 'beyond the Jordan' in the Vulgate Bible. However some authors give the Hebrew: עבר הירדן‎, translit. Ever HaYarden, lit. 'beyond the Jordan'‎, as the basis for Transjordan, which is also the modern Hebrew usage. Whereas the term "East" as in "towards the sunrise" is used in Arabic: شرق الأردن‎, translit. Sharq al ʾUrdun, lit. 'East of the Jordan'‎.

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