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Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk

Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk
Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk 1925.PNG
1st President of Czechoslovakia
In office
14 November 1918 – 14 December 1935
Preceded by Position established
Succeeded by Edvard Beneš
Personal details
Born (1850-03-07)7 March 1850
Hodonín, Austrian Empire
(now Czech Republic)
Died 14 September 1937(1937-09-14) (aged 87)
Lány, Czechoslovakia
(now Czech Republic)
Spouse(s) Charlotte Garrigue
Children Alice (1879-1966)
Herbert (1880-1915)
Jan (1886-1948)
Olga (1891-1978)
Alma mater University of Vienna
Profession Philosopher
Religion Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren
Signature

Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (Czech: [ˈtomaːʃ ˈɡarɪk ˈmasarɪk]), sometimes called Thomas Masaryk in English (7 March 1850 – 14 September 1937), was a Czechoslovak politician, sociologist and philosopher, who as an eager advocate of Czechoslovak independence during World War I became the founder and first President of Czechoslovakia, and thus referred to as "President liberator". He originally wished to reform the Austro-Hungarian monarchy into a democratic federal state, but during the First World War he began to favour the abolition of the monarchy and, with the help of the Allied Powers, eventually succeeded.

Masaryk was born to a poor working-class family in the predominantly Catholic city of Hodonín, Moravia (in the region of Moravian Slovakia, today in the Czech Republic). He grew up in the village of Čejkovice, in South Moravia, later moving to Brno to study.

His father Jozef Masaryk (Masárik), an illiterate carter (later steward), was a Slovak from the Hungarian part of Austria-Hungary (after 1918 became Slovakia the eastern part of Czechoslovakia), his mother Teresie Masaryková (née Kropáčková) was a Moravian of Slavic origin but with German education. They married on 15 August 1849.


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