Tolerance (in logic)

In mathematical logic, a tolerant sequence is a sequence

of formal theories such that there are consistent extensions

of these theories with each ${\displaystyle S_{i+1}}$ interpretable in ${\displaystyle S_{i}}$. Tolerance naturally generalizes from sequences of theories to trees of theories. Weak interpretability can be shown to be a special, binary case of tolerance.

This concept, together with its dual concept of cotolerance, was introduced by Japaridze in 1992, who also proved that, for Peano arithmetic and any stronger theories with effective axiomatizations, tolerance is equivalent to ${\displaystyle \Pi _{1}}$-consistency.

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